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A deep-dive into a variety of pension topics to help you understand and learn more about your pension and the Scheme.

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Our blogs will give you information, tips, insights and guidance to help you get to know your pension and support you on your journey to retirement. 

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26/1/2026
Author: Editorial
<div>&nbsp;</div><h4>What is a Protected Pension Age (PPA)?&nbsp;</h4><div>In general, the earliest you can take your pension benefits is the Normal Minimum Pension Age (NMPA). This is set by the government and is currently age 55 (rising to age 57 in 2028).</div><div><br></div><div>However, if you were an active member of the Railways Pension Scheme (the Scheme) on 5 April 2006, you might have what is known as a Protected Pension Age of 50 (PPA50). This means you may be able to take your benefits as early as 50 years old, rather than 55.</div><div><br></div><div>In this case, there are certain conditions that you must meet when taking your benefits before age 55, otherwise you risk losing your PPA50 and could face a significant tax bill. You can read more about that below.</div><div><br></div><div>When the NMPA increases from 55 to 57 in 2028 another form of PPA, known as PPA55, will be introduced. This may apply if you were an active member of any section of the Scheme on 3 November 2021. It will mean the earliest you can claim your benefits from 6 April 2028 will be age 55 (which is the same as the current NMPA). If you have a PPA50 you will still be able to take your benefits from age 50.</div><div><br></div><h4>How can I find out if I have a Protected Pension Age (PPA)?</h4><div>To see if you have PPA simply:</div><ul><li>Log into your <a href="/my-rps">myRPS account</a>&nbsp;</li><li>Go to ‘my pension’&nbsp;</li><li>Then ‘membership details’&nbsp;</li><li>And ‘additional details’</li></ul><div>There you will see your ‘Protection Status.’ If you have a PPA it will say ‘Protected’ and if you don’t have a PPA it will say ‘None.’</div><div><br></div><div>Underneath it will say ‘entitled to benefits before the age of 55?’ If you have PPA50 it will say ‘Yes’ if you don’t have a PPA50, it will say ‘No.’</div><div><br></div><div>If you have PPA50 it’s important you read on to understand what restrictions may apply when taking your benefits. If you have PPA55, or don’t have a PPA at all, please check the relevant pages below for more details about how and when to take your benefits:</div><div><br></div><ul><li><a href="/defined-benefit-members/Im-planning-to-take-my-pension">Defined benefit (DB) members – I’m planning to take my pension</a></li><li><a href="/iwdc-members/im-planning-to-take-my-iwdc-pot">Industry-Wide Defined Contribution (IWDC) members – I’m planning to take my IWDC pot</a></li></ul><h4>How does a PPA50 affect me taking my benefits?&nbsp;</h4><div>If you have PPA50 and want to take your benefits before age 55, then there are certain conditions that you must meet.</div><div><br></div><div>If you do not follow these conditions, then you risk losing your PPA50 and could face an ‘unauthorised payment’ tax charge of up to 55% on any benefits you take up to age 55.</div><div><br></div><div>To avoid this, if you have PPA50 and take your benefits before age 55, then:</div><div><br></div><ul><li>You must become ‘entitled’ to all your benefits from the Scheme at the same time. This includes any benefits you may have in other Sections. If you have both defined benefit (DB) and defined contribution (DC) policies, including AVC Extra, this requires some forward planning and means you need to decide what you want to do with your DC benefits first, before your DB benefits can be processed.</li><li>You must leave your current employment and not return for a set period.</li></ul><div>You should also be aware that:</div><div><br></div><ul><li>If you rejoin the Scheme, your PPA50 cannot be used in relation to your new benefits.</li><li>Other restrictions may also apply if you take your benefits due to ill health.</li></ul><div><p>You can find more details about each of these points below. If you have a Protected Pension Age (PPA), please read these details carefully and consider them as part of your retirement planning. You can also <a href="/knowledge-hub/help-and-support/get-in-touch">contact us</a> for more information or speak to an Independent Financial Advisor for further <a href="/pension-essentials/guidance-advice">guidance and advice</a>.</p><p><span style="background-color: initial; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-transform: inherit; word-spacing: normal; caret-color: auto; white-space: inherit"><strong>If you choose to take your benefits before age 55, you must become entitled all your benefits from the Scheme at the same time.</strong></span></p></div><div>You may have multiple policies within the Scheme, if you have changed employers during your career, or paid AVCs.</div><div><br></div><div>In line with legislation, if you have PPA50 and want to take your benefits within the Scheme before age 55, then you must become entitled to your benefits from all these policies at the same time.</div><div><br></div><div>This is slightly more complex if you have both defined benefit (DB) and defined contribution (DC) policies.</div><div><br></div><ul><li>For DB policies (including BRASS), entitlement rises at the date of your retirement OR the date Railpen receive all the information needed to pay your benefits, whichever comes later.</li></ul><ul><li>For DC policies (including IWDC or AVC Extra), when you become entitled, depends on how you choose to use your DC pot.</li></ul><div>This means you ideally need to decide how you want to take your DC benefits BEFORE you take your DB benefits, otherwise you’re unlikely to reach entitlement at the same time.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>If you’re unsure whether you have both DB and DC policies, you can find out by logging into your myRPS account. Go to the bottom of your dashboard and you’ll see any different periods of membership listed there. Alternatively, please send us a message via your <a href="/my-rps">myRPS account</a> or<a href="/knowledge-hub/help-and-support/get-in-touch"> get in touch </a>and we can confirm that for you.</div><div><br></div><div>If you do have both DB and DC policies, then you have 2 options to choose from in how you can take your DC benefits. These are:</div><div><br></div><ol><li>Purchase a lifetime annuity</li></ol><div>This allows you to transfer your DC benefits to an annuity provider who will then pay you a regular income. You should shop around to find the best provider for you. Please bear in mind that once you purchase an annuity, you need to have become entitled to your DB benefits within six months, to avoid the ‘unauthorised payment’ tax charge of 55%. You can find more details about purchasing an annuity on the <a href="/iwdc-members/im-planning-to-take-my-iwdc-pot/understanding-annuities">understanding annuities page</a>.</div><div><br></div><p style="margin-left: 30px">2. Transfer your DC benefits out to another provider</p><div><p>This may give you other options for taking your DC benefits, such as drawdown, one or more lump sums, another form of annuity (other than a lifetime annuity) or to keep your funds invested for longer. We will not be able to put your DB policies into payment until this transfer is complete, otherwise they may be considered ‘unauthorised payments’ by HMRC and would be subject to additional tax charges. You should also keep in mind that the external provider may not be able to pay your transferred DC benefits before you reach the current standard NMPA of 55 (increasing to 57 from 6 April 2028). You can find out more about transfers and the process involved on the<a href="/pension-essentials/transferring-my-pension"> transferring in or out page</a>.</p><p><span style="background-color: initial; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-transform: inherit; word-spacing: normal; caret-color: auto; white-space: inherit"><strong>You must leave your current employment at the time you take your benefits&nbsp;</strong></span></p></div><div>A PPA50 can be lost if after taking benefits you are employed by:</div><div><br></div><ul><li>the same employer;</li><li>another employer in the same corporate group; or</li><li>any sponsoring employer you are connected to.</li></ul><div>This means, if you take your benefits before age 55, you must leave your current employment, and make sure you are not employed by any of those listed above when you take your benefits.</div><div><br></div><div>You can only re-join the employers listed if you leave a gap of at least:</div><div><br></div><ul><li>1 month if the role is completely different to your previous role, or</li><li><p>6 months if the role is not materially different to your previous role</p></li></ul><p><span style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-transform: inherit; word-spacing: normal; caret-color: auto; white-space: inherit">Once you reach age 55, the above conditions no longer apply.</span></p><div><p><span style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-transform: inherit; word-spacing: normal; caret-color: auto; white-space: inherit"><strong>If you take your benefits before age 55, and then re-join the Scheme, your PPA50 can not be used in relation to your new benefits.</strong></span></p></div><div>Any benefits from the new period of membership would need to be taken after you reach age 55 (or potentially age 57 from 6 April 2028).</div><div><br></div><div><p>You should also make sure that any employment would not cause you to lose your PPA50 (as explained above).</p><p><span style="background-color: initial; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-transform: inherit; word-spacing: normal; caret-color: auto; white-space: inherit"><strong>If you take your benefits due to ill health, other restrictions may apply.</strong></span></p></div><div><span style="background-color: initial; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit; text-transform: inherit; word-spacing: normal; caret-color: auto; white-space: inherit">If you have a PPA and expect to claim your pension before age 55 on the grounds of ill health, please <a href="/knowledge-hub/help-and-support/get-in-touch">contact us</a>. This will allow us to carry out the necessary checks and confirm what is applicable in your specific circumstances.</span></div><div><br></div><h4>Where to find further information</h4><div>You can find more general information about PPA in the <a target="_blank" href="https://cdn3.railpen.com/mp-sitefinity-prod/docs/default-source/rayn/guides-for-all-members/protected-pension-age.pdf?sfvrsn=81a239f_21">Read as you Need Guide</a>. This is currently being updated to cover all of the restrictions around taking your benefits outlined above.</div><div><br></div><div>You may also want to speak to an Independent Financial Advisor before making any decisions. You can get details of how to find one on the <a href="/pension-essentials/guidance-advice">guidance and advice page</a>.</div>
Blog

Taking your benefits with a Protected Pension Age (PPA)

If you have a Protected Pension Age of 50 (PPA50), there are certain things you need to think about when taking your benefits, otherwise you could face a large tax bill…
 

What is a Protected Pension Age (PPA)? 

In general, the earliest you can take your pension benefits is the Normal Minimum Pension Age (NMPA). This is set by the government and is currently age 55 (rising to age 57 in 2028).

However, if you were an active member of the Railways Pension Scheme (the Scheme) on 5 April 2006, you might have what is known as a Protected Pension Age of 50 (PPA50). This means you may be able to take your benefits as early as 50 years old, rather than 55.

In this case, there are certain conditions that you must meet when taking your benefits before age 55, otherwise you risk losing your PPA50 and could face a significant tax bill. You can read more about that below.

When the NMPA increases from 55 to 57 in 2028 another form of PPA, known as PPA55, will be introduced. This may apply if you were an active member of any section of the Scheme on 3 November 2021. It will mean the earliest you can claim your benefits from 6 April 2028 will be age 55 (which is the same as the current NMPA). If you have a PPA50 you will still be able to take your benefits from age 50.

How can I find out if I have a Protected Pension Age (PPA)?

To see if you have PPA simply:
  • Log into your myRPS account 
  • Go to ‘my pension’ 
  • Then ‘membership details’ 
  • And ‘additional details’
There you will see your ‘Protection Status.’ If you have a PPA it will say ‘Protected’ and if you don’t have a PPA it will say ‘None.’

Underneath it will say ‘entitled to benefits before the age of 55?’ If you have PPA50 it will say ‘Yes’ if you don’t have a PPA50, it will say ‘No.’

If you have PPA50 it’s important you read on to understand what restrictions may apply when taking your benefits. If you have PPA55, or don’t have a PPA at all, please check the relevant pages below for more details about how and when to take your benefits:

How does a PPA50 affect me taking my benefits? 

If you have PPA50 and want to take your benefits before age 55, then there are certain conditions that you must meet.

If you do not follow these conditions, then you risk losing your PPA50 and could face an ‘unauthorised payment’ tax charge of up to 55% on any benefits you take up to age 55.

To avoid this, if you have PPA50 and take your benefits before age 55, then:

  • You must become ‘entitled’ to all your benefits from the Scheme at the same time. This includes any benefits you may have in other Sections. If you have both defined benefit (DB) and defined contribution (DC) policies, including AVC Extra, this requires some forward planning and means you need to decide what you want to do with your DC benefits first, before your DB benefits can be processed.
  • You must leave your current employment and not return for a set period.
You should also be aware that:

  • If you rejoin the Scheme, your PPA50 cannot be used in relation to your new benefits.
  • Other restrictions may also apply if you take your benefits due to ill health.

You can find more details about each of these points below. If you have a Protected Pension Age (PPA), please read these details carefully and consider them as part of your retirement planning. You can also contact us for more information or speak to an Independent Financial Advisor for further guidance and advice.

If you choose to take your benefits before age 55, you must become entitled all your benefits from the Scheme at the same time.

You may have multiple policies within the Scheme, if you have changed employers during your career, or paid AVCs.

In line with legislation, if you have PPA50 and want to take your benefits within the Scheme before age 55, then you must become entitled to your benefits from all these policies at the same time.

This is slightly more complex if you have both defined benefit (DB) and defined contribution (DC) policies.

  • For DB policies (including BRASS), entitlement rises at the date of your retirement OR the date Railpen receive all the information needed to pay your benefits, whichever comes later.
  • For DC policies (including IWDC or AVC Extra), when you become entitled, depends on how you choose to use your DC pot.
This means you ideally need to decide how you want to take your DC benefits BEFORE you take your DB benefits, otherwise you’re unlikely to reach entitlement at the same time. 

If you’re unsure whether you have both DB and DC policies, you can find out by logging into your myRPS account. Go to the bottom of your dashboard and you’ll see any different periods of membership listed there. Alternatively, please send us a message via your myRPS account or get in touch and we can confirm that for you.

If you do have both DB and DC policies, then you have 2 options to choose from in how you can take your DC benefits. These are:

  1. Purchase a lifetime annuity
This allows you to transfer your DC benefits to an annuity provider who will then pay you a regular income. You should shop around to find the best provider for you. Please bear in mind that once you purchase an annuity, you need to have become entitled to your DB benefits within six months, to avoid the ‘unauthorised payment’ tax charge of 55%. You can find more details about purchasing an annuity on the understanding annuities page.

2. Transfer your DC benefits out to another provider

This may give you other options for taking your DC benefits, such as drawdown, one or more lump sums, another form of annuity (other than a lifetime annuity) or to keep your funds invested for longer. We will not be able to put your DB policies into payment until this transfer is complete, otherwise they may be considered ‘unauthorised payments’ by HMRC and would be subject to additional tax charges. You should also keep in mind that the external provider may not be able to pay your transferred DC benefits before you reach the current standard NMPA of 55 (increasing to 57 from 6 April 2028). You can find out more about transfers and the process involved on the transferring in or out page.

You must leave your current employment at the time you take your benefits 

A PPA50 can be lost if after taking benefits you are employed by:

  • the same employer;
  • another employer in the same corporate group; or
  • any sponsoring employer you are connected to.
This means, if you take your benefits before age 55, you must leave your current employment, and make sure you are not employed by any of those listed above when you take your benefits.

You can only re-join the employers listed if you leave a gap of at least:

  • 1 month if the role is completely different to your previous role, or
  • 6 months if the role is not materially different to your previous role

Once you reach age 55, the above conditions no longer apply.

If you take your benefits before age 55, and then re-join the Scheme, your PPA50 can not be used in relation to your new benefits.

Any benefits from the new period of membership would need to be taken after you reach age 55 (or potentially age 57 from 6 April 2028).

You should also make sure that any employment would not cause you to lose your PPA50 (as explained above).

If you take your benefits due to ill health, other restrictions may apply.

If you have a PPA and expect to claim your pension before age 55 on the grounds of ill health, please contact us. This will allow us to carry out the necessary checks and confirm what is applicable in your specific circumstances.

Where to find further information

You can find more general information about PPA in the Read as you Need Guide. This is currently being updated to cover all of the restrictions around taking your benefits outlined above.

You may also want to speak to an Independent Financial Advisor before making any decisions. You can get details of how to find one on the guidance and advice page.

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